Soil salinity is a critical threat to agricultural productivity worldwide, with particularly severe impacts in arid and semi-arid regions such as Pakistan. Excessive accumulation of soluble salts and exchangeable sodium degrades soil structure, restricts water and nutrient availability, and reduces crop yields. In Pakistan, especially in Punjab and Sindh, millions of hectares of farmland are affected, threatening rural livelihoods and food security. This review synthesizes recent advances in the management of salt-affected soils, focusing on organic approaches (compost, biochar, manure), inorganic amendments (gypsum, sulfur), and integrated strategies that combine both for long-term sustainability. The paper evaluates the effectiveness of these methods in improving soil health, enhancing microbial activity, and restoring productivity, while highlighting successful regional case studies. It also addresses economic feasibility, environmental co-benefits, and institutional challenges to adoption. Finally, it identifies key research gaps and policy priorities to guide researchers, policymakers, and farmers toward scalable, sustainable solutions for reclaiming salt-affected soils in Pakistan.
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