SCIENCE & SOCIETY INSIGHTS

Abstract

Internationally sustainable agriculture is a critical approach to facing both the challenge of food demand growth and environmental deterioration. As the global population is estimated to be increased to 9-10 billion in 2050, agricultural systems need to raise LIAM production without significant depletion of resources, loss of land and emission of carbon. This review takes the view of sustainable agriculture on a worldwide scale and also draws attention to integrated approaches to adjusting productivity together with ecological and social criteria. We consider key drivers, such as climate change, restrictions on land use, and world food demand growth among others, and implications for both industrialized countries as well developing nations. Particularly, the review focuses on environmental, economic and social challenges which limiting extensive scaling up of sustainable practices as depend largely on high-input, industrial farming system; resource depletion; and limited technology and finance accessibility. We have heard of a number of more sustainable agricultural practices like agroecology, conservation agriculture, precision farming and climate smart agriculture that aim to increase productivity without harming the environment. Policy, governance and international co-operation to facilitate sustainable agricultural transitions are also considered. Finally, we identify some key research gaps and propose future perspectives for achieving the sustainability of world agriculture. Here, we posit that the success of such technical innovations is a great hope but can only be realized if both local ad hoc solutions integrate into robust institutional performance and innovative connectedness in scale, and policies ensure long-term resilience in global food systems as well as equity.