Abstract

Internationally, sustainable agriculture is a?critical approach to addressing both the challenge of food demand growth and environmental deterioration. As the global population is estimated to increase to 9-10 billion in 2050, agricultural systems need to increase LIAM production without significant resource depletion, land loss, or carbon emissions. This review takes a global view of sustainable agriculture and also draws attention to integrated approaches to adjusting productivity alongside ecological and social criteria. We consider key drivers, such as climate change, restrictions on land use, and growth in global food demand, among others, and their implications for both industrialized countries and developing nations. Particularly, the review focuses on environmental, economic, and social challenges that limit extensive scaling up of sustainable practices, as they depend largely on high-input, industrial farming systems; resource depletion; and limited access to technology and finance. We have heard of a number of more sustainable agricultural practices, such as agroecology, conservation agriculture, precision farming, and climate-smart agriculture, that aim to increase productivity without harming the environment. Policy, governance, and international co-operation to facilitate sustainable agricultural?transitions are also considered. Finally, we?identify key research gaps and propose future directions to achieve the sustainability of global agriculture. Here, we posit that the success of such technical innovations is a great hope but can only be realized if both local ad hoc solutions integrate into robust institutional performance and innovative connectedness in?scale, and policies ensure long-term resilience in global food systems as well as equity.